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Porn addiction, marriage, and divorce


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Posted

One way to cure porn addiction is to have the porn addict read this site:

https://www.shelleylubben.com/

People hardly ever think about the people who are making the movies. What goes on in the film is never the reality behind the scenes. The above site is fantastic in exposing the porn industry as a place of work.

 

Posted
4 hours ago, why me said:

Some good thoughts here. However, porn is also destructive for the actors involved. And it is here that we have the problem. Let me put it this way: after the filming people involved in the sex scenes are sort of regrouping their own sanity. Not that they are crazy doing it but it does have an affect on the life spirit. Many former porn actors have spoken about their experiences making such films when they retire from the business. Most people watching porn do not have a clue what it does to the porn actors.

https://www.shelleylubben.com/ex-porn-star-corina-taylor-story

However, it is not just the church that diescourages porn viewing:

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125382361

 

Your definition fits pictures, films or videos. But what about animation or stories only in written form? Who is the hurt party in such situations? No actors involved.

Posted (edited)
On January 2, 2017 at 2:38 PM, mnn727 said:

My point was that there are no assurances about any marriage lasting for any reason, so the question was kind of bogus.

Not understanding your point. The conversation took place, the problem is real, the question is pertinent.

Edited by Bernard Gui
Posted
On January 1, 2017 at 1:44 PM, MorningStar said:

Maybe I should have used the word "rape" instead of "wouldn't keep his hands to himself when requested", but the info is there.  Blaming the victim is offensive.  She was a good wife and mother.  I've seen women blamed countless times for their husbands' porn addictions and it's extremely hurtful because all of these women go through a phase where they blame themselves when it was never their fault.  The majority of these men were addicted before marriage.

This is the kind of situation that was the background of the OP. It is not a normal relationship in any sense of the word. No won an should have to endure abuse of any kind. There is no excuse. I hope Rod misunderstood.

Posted
On January 1, 2017 at 2:07 PM, MorningStar said:

Divorce is happening too often, but a woman should not have to remain married to a man who is violating and raping her.  And actually he filed for divorce because she just couldn't get over it.  She was willing to continue therapy while separated, but he thought she was making a big deal out of nothing.  This "poor guy just wants to have sex with his wife" stuff needs to stop.  No one is entitled to sex.  It is supposed to be an experience that unites a couple - not one partner violating the other. 

This is the difference between marriages that survive porn addiction and those that don't.

Posted (edited)
13 hours ago, bcuzbcuz said:

Your definition fits pictures, films or videos. But what about animation or stories only in written form? Who is the hurt party in such situations? No actors involved.

Porn is a billion dollar business. And its profits are mainly from videos with real people. Porn has many paid sites where people pay  money to view it. This is where the money is. However, we need to ask a question: Women porn stars can be extremely beautiful with or without makeup. What would cause a young woman to act in porn? Why make such a choice? These are complex questions.

Edited by why me
Posted
3 hours ago, why me said:

Porn is a billion dollar business. And its profits are mainly from videos with real people. Porn has many paid sites where people pay  money to view it. This is where the money is. However, we need to ask a question: Women porn stars can be extremely beautiful with or without makeup. What would cause a young woman to act in porn? Why make such a choice? These are complex questions.

You didn't answer my question. I asked about pornography in the written form. I could care less bout "why" anyone would engage in the porn industry. People do stupid things all the time. Why they do them is beyond me.

My question was regarding pronography in the written form. To clarify, stories of an erotic or sexual nature, without any accompanying photos or video, produced for couples who mutually enjoy reading together. Who is hurt by such? Who is being exploited? What people do in the privacy of their own bedrooms, as long as it doesn't hurt anyone and is not illegal, whose business is that? 

Posted
44 minutes ago, bcuzbcuz said:

You didn't answer my question. I asked about pornography in the written form. I could care less bout "why" anyone would engage in the porn industry. People do stupid things all the time. Why they do them is beyond me.

My question was regarding pronography in the written form. To clarify, stories of an erotic or sexual nature, without any accompanying photos or video, produced for couples who mutually enjoy reading together. Who is hurt by such? Who is being exploited? What people do in the privacy of their own bedrooms, as long as it doesn't hurt anyone and is not illegal, whose business is that? 

Written form is in decline. Girlie magazines are disappearing mainly because of the internet. Ít is even hard to find a shop that sells such material. The addiction that people have comes from films and videos. Maybe a few years ago, porn mags were a problem. But not now. Why look at pictures when an addict can see the real thing with a click of a website. I think that there is also a difference between eroticism such as the stories of the writer Anais Niin and porn. The different shades of grey books are a case in point. But the films and what they do to people and to the actors are the problem.

Posted
1 hour ago, why me said:

Written form is in decline. Girlie magazines are disappearing mainly because of the internet. Ít is even hard to find a shop that sells such material. The addiction that people have comes from films and videos. Maybe a few years ago, porn mags were a problem. But not now. Why look at pictures when an addict can see the real thing with a click of a website. I think that there is also a difference between eroticism such as the stories of the writer Anais Niin and porn. The different shades of grey books are a case in point. But the films and what they do to people and to the actors are the problem.

When I grew up Anais Niin and Lady Chatterley's Lover were considered porn. (Haven't read 50 Shades of Gray so I have no opinion) But the written form (in decline or not) is available on the internet and, because it exists in the mind, can appeal to couples because each gets out of it from their own individual ideals or erotic images....and no one gets hurt.

Posted
8 hours ago, why me said:

Porn is a billion dollar business. And its profits are mainly from videos with real people. Porn has many paid sites where people pay  money to view it. This is where the money is. However, we need to ask a question: Women porn stars can be extremely beautiful with or without makeup. What would cause a young woman to act in porn? Why make such a choice? These are complex questions.

I know what happens, a lot of women in porn are there because of sex trafficking. Or women that have run away and were pimped out at first or got in trouble with drugs etc. I'll bet the majority were sexually abused too.

Posted (edited)
On January 4, 2017 at 4:08 AM, bcuzbcuz said:

You didn't answer my question. I asked about pornography in the written form. I could care less bout "why" anyone would engage in the porn industry. People do stupid things all the time. Why they do them is beyond me.

My question was regarding pronography in the written form. To clarify, stories of an erotic or sexual nature, without any accompanying photos or video, produced for couples who mutually enjoy reading together. Who is hurt by such? Who is being exploited? What people do in the privacy of their own bedrooms, as long as it doesn't hurt anyone and is not illegal, whose business is that? 

What one chooses to do in private is between the couple and God but it should include consideriation of sacred covenants made in the temple.

Some questions for those who use marijuana but claim it is harmless and non-addictive may apply...So, can you go for a year without it? Why do you need it? What are you trying to medicate with it?

In the past, one had to seek pornography. Today, it seeks us. It is impossible to avoid. It poses real danger to our children and our relationships. Surely anything that would objectify the spouse, lead to abuse, create unwanted demands, foster unfaithfulness, or distort the relationship should be avoided. 

 How does one justify seeking pornography in any form given this......

Quote

We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, and in doing good to all men [and women]; indeed, we may say that we follow the admonition of Paul—We believe all things, we hope all things, we have endured many things, and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous, lovely, or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after these things.

Is pornography true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, lovely, praiseworthy, of good report? If not, why seek after it?

Edited by Bernard Gui
Posted
2 hours ago, Tacenda said:

I know what happens, a lot of women in porn are there because of sex trafficking. Or women that have run away and were pimped out at first or got in trouble with drugs etc. I'll bet the majority were sexually abused too.

This is not necessarily true. Many go into freely. In fact, most do go into it freely. Porn producers from reputatable companies are very careful who they hire.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/homo-consumericus/201405/why-do-women-become-porn-actresses

Money is the biggest draw for many women.

Posted (edited)
1 hour ago, why me said:

This is not necessarily true. Many go into freely. In fact, most do go into it freely. Porn producers from reputatable companies are very careful who they hire.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/homo-consumericus/201405/why-do-women-become-porn-actresses

Money is the biggest draw for many women.

 

After reading some of these articles it makes me want to fight pornography even more. I will not view it in any shape or form, even if I thought it would help the frigid out there, no more!!

http://www.covenanteyes.com/2011/09/07/the-connections-between-pornography-and-sex-trafficking/

Many women and children who are being sexually exploited and trafficked are also being used for the production of pornography. Sometimes acts of prostitution are filmed without the consent of the victim and distributed. [6] On other occasions victims are trafficked for the sole purpose of porn production. In today’s era of webcams and chatrooms, the lines between interactive pornography and virtual prostitution websites have been blurred. [7] According to Donna Hughes, “porn and internet sex shows are markets for trafficked victims.” Truly, pornography is another avenue for women to be trafficked. 

http://stoptraffickingdemand.com/trafficking-within-the-industry/

According to this definition, many performers in pornography are sex trafficked. Fraud, deception, threat or use of force, coercion, and abuse of power or vulnerability frequently takes place during the filming of these performers. The fact that many are underage when they begin doing porn, even if they claim to be consenting, is still sex trafficking.

http://www.ravishly.com/2015/12/20/human-sex-trafficking-victim-speaks-i-was-drugged-and-forced-do-porn

 

At the age of 24, she wandered into what she thought was a job interview in Southern California, and ended up being drugged, beaten, raped, and forced to work in the commercial sex industry.

Edited by Tacenda
Posted
2 minutes ago, Tacenda said:

 

After reading some of these articles it makes me want to fight pornography even more. I will not view it in any shape or form, even if I thought it would help the frigid out there, no more!!

http://www.covenanteyes.com/2011/09/07/the-connections-between-pornography-and-sex-trafficking/

Many women and children who are being sexually exploited and trafficked are also being used for the production of pornography. Sometimes acts of prostitution are filmed without the consent of the victim and distributed. [6] On other occasions victims are trafficked for the sole purpose of porn production. In today’s era of webcams and chatrooms, the lines between interactive pornography and virtual prostitution websites have been blurred. [7] According to Donna Hughes, “porn and internet sex shows are markets for trafficked victims.” Truly, pornography is another avenue for women to be trafficked. 

http://stoptraffickingdemand.com/trafficking-within-the-industry/

According to this definition, many performers in pornography are sex trafficked. Fraud, deception, threat or use of force, coercion, and abuse of power or vulnerability frequently takes place during the filming of these performers. The fact that many are underage when they begin doing porn, even if they claim to be consenting, is still sex trafficking.

http://www.ravishly.com/2015/12/20/human-sex-trafficking-victim-speaks-i-was-drugged-and-forced-do-porn

 

At the age of 24, she wandered into what she thought was a job interview in Southern California, and ended up being drugged, beaten, raped, and forced to work in the commercial sex industry.

Definition of sick.

Posted (edited)
26 minutes ago, Tacenda said:

 

After reading some of these articles it makes me want to fight pornography even more. I will not view it in any shape or form, even if I thought it would help the frigid out there, no more!!

 

 

 

The men involved are also victims. Many comimit suicide.

https://www.shelleylubben.com/shelleys-blog/porn-star-deaths-2012

http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2010/06/pity-the-male-porn-star/340729/

This is an overlooked problem that many do not consider. They only consider the women. The above should be shown to all those who are addicted to porn.

Edited by why me
Posted
7 hours ago, bcuzbcuz said:

When I grew up Anais Niin and Lady Chatterley's Lover were considered porn. (Haven't read 50 Shades of Gray so I have no opinion) But the written form (in decline or not) is available on the internet and, because it exists in the mind, can appeal to couples because each gets out of it from their own individual ideals or erotic images....and no one gets hurt.

The person committing adultery in his mind is the one who is spiritually hurt in this scenario.  These are all forms of escapism, and when escapism becomes avoidance, it becomes a problem, and when escapism is associated with "unclean" things, it is a problem.

Posted
On 12/30/2016 at 1:36 AM, Bernard Gui said:

Shaming is not the approach we have taken in the LDS Addiction Recovery Program nor is it what we teach Priesthood leaders in training sessions. If you are not familiar with the program, I strongly recommend you become so.

https://addictionrecovery.lds.org/?lang=eng

If that is the case, you are the exception rather than the rule. The church's addiction recovery program is better than nothing, but not nearly as effective as other approaches. As an active, committed Latter-Day Saint, I want the Church to have the best answer. But it just doesn't. 

Posted
1 hour ago, kllindley said:

If that is the case, you are the exception rather than the rule. The church's addiction recovery program is better than nothing, but not nearly as effective as other approaches. As an active, committed Latter-Day Saint, I want the Church to have the best answer. But it just doesn't. 

The best answer is quite simple: don't start to watch it. And I think that the church does recommend that approach. But what to do with those addicted and what does it mean to be addicted?

Posted (edited)

What does it mean to be addicted to porn and who should seek therapy? Of course, a person watching porn doesn't mean that they need therapy. It is the over excess of watching it or viewing it. And if it is interfereing with the daily life of the person. Boys are likely to look at porn. Back in the day, it was sneaking a look at playboy. Innocent enough but no one suggested therapy for the kid. Most thought it was normal. It showed an interest in the opposite sex and in sexuality.

How many moms found a dirty magazine in their son's rooms? Many. And dads were not that concerned. But porn addiction today is quite different because of the internet. It exploits something natural: a curiosity and makes it something more. The best way to try to fight these things is to have an open conversation with children without the moral judgementalism that may come with it. A heart to heart talk about the business and its affects on the sex workers is a good way to start.

Edited by why me
Posted (edited)
5 hours ago, kllindley said:

If that is the case, you are the exception rather than the rule. The church's addiction recovery program is better than nothing, but not nearly as effective as other approaches. As an active, committed Latter-Day Saint, I want the Church to have the best answer. But it just doesn't. 

Perhaps you are unaware of what LDS Family Services and the Addiction Recovery Program are doing.

I'm not sure on what you base this judgment. I would like some evidence to back this assertion.

Consider this a Call For References that my group is an exception and that the LDS ARP is ineffective and little better than nothing. 

 

Edited by Bernard Gui
Posted (edited)
3 hours ago, why me said:

What does it mean to be addicted to porn and who should seek therapy? Of course, a person watching porn doesn't mean that they need therapy. It is the over excess of watching it or viewing it. And if it is interfereing with the daily life of the person. Boys are likely to look at porn. Back in the day, it was sneaking a look at playboy. Innocent enough but no one suggested therapy for the kid. Most thought it was normal. It showed an interest in the opposite sex and in sexuality.

How many moms found a dirty magazine in their son's rooms? Many. And dads were not that concerned. But porn addiction today is quite different because of the internet. It exploits something natural: a curiosity and makes it something more. The best way to try to fight these things is to have an open conversation with children without the moral judgementalism that may come with it. A heart to heart talk about the business and its affects on the sex workers is a good way to start.

A start, but not adequate by any means. That is simply putting a finger in the hole in the dike.

I just became aware that yet another marriage in my small area of influence has been destroyed and a family is in jeopardy because of a person's inability to overcome an addiction that started in early teens when shown a magazine in a friend's home, grew and persisted in secret for decades, and now has resulted in adultery, misery, and chaos.

At this moment I cannot adequately express my hatred for this awful degradation of what is most sacred and the anger and impatience I feel towards those who produce, convey, and defend it. It is the epitome of evil....Satan's perfect destructive tool that eventually ruins all who come in contact. May God curse it and cut it from our souls!

Edited by Bernard Gui
Posted (edited)
1 hour ago, why me said:

The best answer is quite simple: don't start to watch it. And I think that the church does recommend that approach. But what to do with those addicted and what does it mean to be addicted?

In days past, one had to seek out pornography. Today pornography seeks you. It is everywhere, free, and easily accessible. It can appear any time, any place, to anyone without warning.

Some experts and users deny it is addictive. I adamantly disagree; I don't care how many letters are behind their names. Here are 10 signs of substance addiction. Exibiting as few as three over a period of time can indicate addiction. I believe the same criteria apply to pornography. Simply substitute the word pornography for alcohol or drugs.

  • Quote

    1. Loss of Control: Drinking or drugging [viewing porn] more than a person wants to, for longer than they intended, or despite telling themselves that they wouldn’t do it this time.

    • 2. Neglecting Other Activities: Spending less time on activities that used to be important (hanging out with family and friends, exercising, pursuing hobbies or other interests) because of the use of alcohol or drugs [pornography]; drop in attendance and performance at work or school.
    • 3. Risk Taking: More likely to take serious risks in order to obtain one’s drug [pornography] of choice.
    • 4. Relationship Issues: People struggling with addiction are known to act out against those closest to them, particularly if someone is attempting to address their substance [pornography] problems; complaints from co-workers, supervisors, teachers or classmates.
    • 5. Secrecy: Going out of one’s way to hide the amount of drugs or alcohol [pornography] consumed or one’s activities when drinking or drugging; unexplained injuries or accidents.
    • 6. Changing Appearance: Serious changes or deterioration in hygiene or physical appearance – lack of showering, slovenly appearance, unclean clothes.
    • 7. Family History: A family of addiction history [being exposed to pornography at an early agecan dramatically increase one's predisposition to substance [pornography] abuse.
    • 8. Tolerance: Over time, a person's body [mind] adapts to a substance [pornography] to the point that they need more and more of it [or acts out] in order to have the same reaction.
    • 9. Withdrawal: As the effect of the alcohol or drugs [porn viewing] wear off the person may experience symptoms such as: anxiety or jumpiness; shakiness or trembling; sweating, nausea and vomiting, insomnia, depression, irritability, fatigue or loss of appetite and headaches.
    • 10. Continued Use Despite Negative Consequences: Even though it is causing problems (on the job, in relationships, for one’s health), a person continues drinking and drugging [viewing porn.]
    • https://www.ncadd.org/about-addiction/signs-and-symptoms/signs-and-symptoms
    • I would add one more:
    • 11. Denying or lying about the extent of the use af the addictive substance or pornography when it is discovered or when the user is confronted with evidence that it is being used.

    If one's use of pornography is described by several of the above behaviors, then there is a serious problem that eventually will come to light and nothing good will result. I submit that people addicted to pornography will exibit most if not all of these behaviors. 

  • Most porn users are conflicted but in denial. So are a lot of people who refuse to see the problem or make light of it. They are unable to regain control by themselves through their own willpower because they cannot function without it. We ignore this at our own and our children's peril. Recognizing the problem is the first step towards healing.

  • The good news is that help is available and that the Atonement of Jesus Christ  is powerful to save and exalt victims of porn addiction and their loved ones.

Edited by Bernard Gui
Posted
On 9 January 2017 at 9:11 AM, Bernard Gui said:

In days past, one had to seek out pornography. Today pornography seeks you. It is everywhere, free, and easily accessible. It can appear any time, any place, to anyone without warning.

Some experts and users deny it is addictive. I adamantly disagree; I don't care how many letters are behind their names. Here are 10 signs of substance addiction. Exibiting as few as three over a period of time can indicate addiction. I believe the same criteria apply to pornography. Simply substitute the word pornography for alcohol or drugs.

  • If one's use of pornography is described by several of the above behaviors, then there is a serious problem that eventually will come to light and nothing good will result. I submit that people addicted to pornography will exibit most if not all of these behaviors. 

  • Most porn users are conflicted but in denial. So are a lot of people who refuse to see the problem or make light of it. They are unable to regain control by themselves through their own willpower because they cannot function without it. We ignore this at our own and our children's peril. Recognizing the problem is the first step towards healing.

  • The good news is that help is available and that the Atonement of Jesus Christ  is powerful to save and exalt victims of porn addiction and their loved ones.

Coming from and marrying into a family with alcohol problems, I find your comparison out of place. One cannot simply put an equal sign beside all the identifying marks of alcohol or drug addiction and include porn in a parentheses and think that the comparison is valid.

You're welcome to your opinion, but I've seen first hand the destructive powers of alcohol and drug abuse. I've attended funerals of close family members where drugs and alcohol were significant contributing factors in the deaths. I had a close relative who was beaten bloody, repeatedly, through many years, in the alcoholic stupor of her husband of 40 years. 

Porn addiction is a real entity. I have worked with sexually abused children. It would be difficult to link a definite causality between porn and the abuse they suffered, because I don't know the court cases of their abusers, but I do know these children often sought  out pornography. They could recognize what they were familiar with. For them the abuse was the outrageous calamity in their lives, the pornography became a twisted, ugly pacifier.

I'd much rather that the source of pornography be the issue to fight about. I'm not at all in favour of free speech, freedom of the press or the secrecy of the internet when it's fruits are so bitter and ugly. Our children have free and ready access to the filthiest of all possible materials with a mere toggling between internet pages. The laws definition of pornography "I know it when I see it" is outdated, antiquated and useless. We cannot keep up with the outpouring of gross filth available every day. I think pornography should be well defined. A recent European TV program about the spread of child sexual abuse videos and pictures, showed how inadequate the laws are. The laws are poor because they lack definition.

Pornography should be strangled at its source. The internet must be regulated. IT programs that can identify IP addresses of those producing and distributing pornography should be opened to access by police authorities, armed with laws that have some bite.

Posted
On Thursday, December 29, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Duncan said:

I wonder who can be married then? if the lady says that "all young men" are exposed to it and women won't want that......we'll be left with unmarried women and porn addicted men

Re-read the question. It's not about sifting out the exposed or those struggling with addiction, but about sifting out marriage destroying problems. 

Posted (edited)
2 hours ago, bcuzbcuz said:

Coming from and marrying into a family with alcohol problems, I find your comparison out of place. One cannot simply put an equal sign beside all the identifying marks of alcohol or drug addiction and include porn in a parentheses and think that the comparison is valid.

You're welcome to your opinion, but I've seen first hand the destructive powers of alcohol and drug abuse. I've attended funerals of close family members where drugs and alcohol were significant contributing factors in the deaths. I had a close relative who was beaten bloody, repeatedly, through many years, in the alcoholic stupor of her husband of 40 years. 

Porn addiction is a real entity. I have worked with sexually abused children. It would be difficult to link a definite causality between porn and the abuse they suffered, because I don't know the court cases of their abusers, but I do know these children often sought  out pornography. They could recognize what they were familiar with. For them the abuse was the outrageous calamity in their lives, the pornography became a twisted, ugly pacifier.

I'd much rather that the source of pornography be the issue to fight about. I'm not at all in favour of free speech, freedom of the press or the secrecy of the internet when it's fruits are so bitter and ugly. Our children have free and ready access to the filthiest of all possible materials with a mere toggling between internet pages. The laws definition of pornography "I know it when I see it" is outdated, antiquated and useless. We cannot keep up with the outpouring of gross filth available every day. I think pornography should be well defined. A recent European TV program about the spread of child sexual abuse videos and pictures, showed how inadequate the laws are. The laws are poor because they lack definition.

Pornography should be strangled at its source. The internet must be regulated. IT programs that can identify IP addresses of those producing and distributing pornography should be opened to access by police authorities, armed with laws that have some bite.

I appreciate your comments, but you misjudged me and misunderstood my comments. I too have personal experience with the awful consequences of drug and alcohol abuse, addiction, and the addiction-caused physical and mental abuse and deaths of several loved ones including siblings and their children. I have spent much of my retirement savings to provide (unfortunately so far unsuccessful) long-term rehabilitation for two sons in addiction. I was in the hospital room when a close friend made the decision to pull the plug on her comatose heroin-overdosed son...her second son to die from that.

Sister Gui and I have participated in the LDS Family Services Addiction Recovery Family Support Program for 11 years, for 2 years as ones seeking support, for 9 years now as ones leading family support groups, and I have served as a non-professional regional coordinator for 2 years now. 

Over these years I have personally witnessed the rapid increase in pornography addiction and the destruction, chaos, and heartbreak it causes. Many experts and laypeople, shockingly even on this board, deny it is addictive or that it is even a problem. I don't agree with them, no matter how many letters they have after there names or how many professional organizations they belong to. I see it every week with my own eyes and I'm a reasonably astute person.

I gave the 11 signs of substance addiction for the purpose of showing that porn addiction satisfies each those criteria, not to diminish the awful nature of substance addiction. Such comparison is not out of place. It becomes more relevant with every new family it destroys. I just witnessed two more last week. In our official presentations to Church groups, Sister Gui and I  used to ask "Please raise your hand if you know someone who is in or has a loved one in addiction." Most hands would go up.

Now we have changed the question to "Raise your hand if you do not have someone you love who has been harmed by addiction." No hands go up.

I heartily agree with the rest of your post. It's time we take all addictions very seriously. I have come to hate addiction...all forms including pornography. I have no time or patience with those who minimize it or joke about it. It is Satan's most perfect tool, destroying everyone it touches. 

Our  message is that there is hope and healing for those who want it and it comes through the help of others and the Atonement of Jesus Christ.

Edited by Bernard Gui
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