Looking at Australian temples, and using google maps to define the centre of the city name, the distances to the temple (by road) are (rounding to nearest whole number):
Melbourne - 33km (20miles) away
Sydney - 27km (17 miles) away
Adelaide - 7km (4 miles) away
Perth - 6km (4 miles) away
Brisbane - 3km (2 miles) away
All are in the "greater <city name>" area, but none (even the Brisbane one) are in the same suburb as the CBD.
The naming makes sense though, as they are capital city temples, and are linked to the capital city.
The two recently announced ones will be interesting
Brisbane South is based on the capital city name, but I doubt it will be close to Brisbane city since the existing Brisbane temple is already south of the CBD.
Liverpool (sorry people in England) is based on the name of a city that large numbers of members travel through to get to the Sydney temple. Whether it actually ends up in Liverpool itself or one of the nearby suburbs is yet to be seen.